@article {82601,
	title = {Population viability improves following termination of coho salmon hatchery releases},
	journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Hatchery salmon can interbreed with wild salmon, and damage the viability of the native fish run.  In recent years, fishery managers have experimented with closing hatcheries.  This was the case with the coho salmon hatchery on the Salmon River, which closed in 2007.  What happened?  This paper reports on what is known so far, and the news is good. {\textquotedblleft}Although hatchery-origin spawners previously had accounted for most of the adults returning to the Salmon River, the naturally produced population did not collapse, and two viability metrics improved significantly after the Coho Salmon hatchery program ended: (1) adult abundance increased and (2) spawn timing expanded and moved closer to the historical timing.{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract) Hatchery closure seems to be an effective strategy for promoting wild populations, but long-term monitoring is still needed.},
	month = {2018, Feb},
	pages = {p.39-55},
	keywords = {Salmon River estuary, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, hatcheries, hatchery salmonids, wild salmonids,},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10029 },
	author = {Jones, Kim K. and Cornwell, Trevan J. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Stein, Staci and Anlauf-Dunn, Kara J.}
}
@article {76321,
	title = {The contribution of estuary-resident life histories to the return of adult <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology           },
	volume = {85},
	year = {2014},
	note = {The conventional model of coho salmon life history assumes that that young coho salmon rear in the streams where they were born, and return to their natal streams as adults in their third year. More recent research has shown that there is a wider variety of life history patterns, and that estuaries may be more important for some coho salmon than was previously known. {\textquotedblleft}This research reconstructs freshwater and estuarine rearing and migration pathways of juvenile O. kisutch in the Salmon River basin on the central Oregon coast. It then quantifies the contribution of each juvenile life-history type to adult returns.{\textquotedblright} (p.53)},
	pages = {p.52-80},
	keywords = {Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, habitats, juvenile fish, life history information, marsh restoration, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, wetland restoration, wetland vegetation},
	doi = {10.1111/jfb.12380},
	author = {Jones, Kim K. and Cornwell, Trevan J. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Campbell, Lance A. and Stein, Staci}
}
@article {11881,
	title = {Recovery of wild coho salmon in Salmon River Basin, 2008-2010},
	volume = {no.OPSW-ODFW-2011-10},
	year = {2011},
	note = {In 2007, after 30 years of artificially producing fish, the Salmon River Hatchery was closed.  This study reports on coho salmon in the Salmon River three years after the closure of the hatchery.  Favorable ocean conditions helped, but dangers such as high flow levels in winter remain.  "In the absence of intensive hatchery pressure, we hypothesize that the stream and estuary habitats in Salmon River will have sufficient connectivity, capacity, and quality to recover and sustain a resilient population of wild coho salmon." (p.33)},
	pages = {53 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife},
	address = {Salem, Or.},
	keywords = {Coho salmon =  Oncorhynchus kisutch, depleted populations, genetics, hatcheries, hatchery salmonids, Salmon River, wild salmonids},
	url = {https://odfw-static.forestry.oregonstate.edu/freshwater/inventory/pdffiles/Salmon\%20River\%20ODFW-OPSW\%202011-10\%20final.pdf},
	author = {Jones, Kim K. and Cornwell, Trevan J. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Stein, Staci and Kelly, Holly Wellard and Campbell, Lance A.}
}
@article {11916,
	title = {Reconstructing juvenile Chinook salmon life history in the Salmon River Estuary, Oregon, using otolith microchemistry and microstructure},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Use of the Salmon River Estuary{\textquoteright}s marsh channels by sub-yearling Chinook salmon was studied. Study suggests that "individual salmon may exhibit fidelity at the scale of secondary marsh channels within an intertidal marsh-channel network."  Found "considerable variation" in wetland use, and relates that variation to foraging opportunities and risks of predation. Suggests that nekton may be more abundant or active at night, providing more food. Suggests tide gates "negatively affect access to habitat by juvenile salmon." Supports preserving the connections between marsh channels. Publisher{\textquoteright}s .pdf courtesy of the American Fisheries Society.},
	pages = {p.535-549},
	keywords = {Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, life history information, Salmon River, temporal distribution},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-163.1},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/1n79h4894},
	author = {Volk, Eric C. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Jones, Kim K. and Simenstad, Charles A.}
}
@article {11926,
	title = {Tidal movements and residency of subyearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) in an Oregon salt marsh channel},
	journal = {Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences},
	volume = {67},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010, Mar.},
	pages = {p.524-533},
	keywords = {behavior, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, marshes, Salmon River Estuary, tides},
	doi = {10.1139/F10-003},
	author = {Hering, David K. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Prentice, Earl F. and Jones, Kim K. and Fleming, Ian A.}
}
@article {11951,
	title = {Recovery of wild coho salmon in Salmon River Basin, 2008},
	volume = {no. OPSW-ODFW-2009-10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {In 2005, the Salmon River failed to meet 5 viability criteria for coho salmon. In response, ODFW discontinued release of hatchery coho salmon in 2007. This report, the first year of a study, documents research into coho population dynamics in the Salmon River basin.},
	pages = {21 p.},
	keywords = {Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, dike removal, diking, habitat, life history, marsh restoration, population, Salmon River Estuary, salt marsh, wetland restoration},
	url = {https://library.state.or.us/repository/2009/200905180904021/},
	author = {Jones, Kim K. and Cornwell, Trevan J. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Hering, David K. and Stein, Staci}
}
@article {11991,
	title = {The Salmon River estuary:  a case study in restoration of resilient estuarine ecosystems and Pacific salmon},
	journal = {ESCA bulletin / Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association},
	volume = {no.52},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Before dike removal on the Salmon River, few juvenile Chinook salmon spent time in the estuary. Now, most returning salmon were resident juveniles. Salmon are in more parts of the estuary and for longer times. More diverse habitat aids salmon resiliency.},
	pages = {p.20-22},
	keywords = {Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, dike removal, diking, marsh restoration, Salmon River Estuary, salt marsh, wetland restoration},
	author = {Simenstad, Charles A. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Jones, Kim}
}
@article {12121,
	title = {Patterns of Chinook salmon migration and residency in the Salmon River estuary (Oregon)},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {64},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {79-93},
	keywords = {Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, life history intormation, Salmon River Estuary},
	isbn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.008},
	author = {Bottom, Daniel L. and Jones, Kim K. and Cornwell, Trevan J. and Gray, Ayesha and Simenstad, Charles A.}
}
@article {12221,
	title = {Contrasting functional performance of juvenile salmon habitat in recovering wetlands in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Restoration Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Looks at marsh restoration in the Salmon River following the breaching of dikes in 1978, 1987 and 1996 to examine "fish density, available prey resources, and diet composition of wild juvenile Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon).""Tracking the development of recovering emergent marsh ecosystems in the Salmon River estuary reveals significant fish and invertebrate response in the first 2 to 3 years after marsh restoration. This pulse of productivity in newly restored systems is part of the trajectory of development and indicates some level of early functionality and the efficacy of restoring estuarine marshes for juvenile salmon habitat." (from the Abstract)},
	pages = {p.514-526},
	keywords = {amphipods, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, feeding behavior, geographic distribution, insects, juvenile fish, Salmon River Estuary, temporal distribution},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01039.x},
	author = {Gray, Ayesha and Simenstad, Charles A. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Cornwell, Trevan J.}
}
@article {12271,
	title = {Rearing of juvenile dalmon in recovering wetlands of the Salmon River Estuary},
	volume = {no.2001-05},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Studied salmon use of marshes; diets; prey availability; indicators of restored wetlands and how they relate to salmon use. Found that hatchery salmon avoided marsh habitats and Chinook used marshes more than coho. Lists species found in estuary. Aerial photographs, color photographs of fish traps.},
	keywords = {Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, dike removal, dikes, food sources, habitat},
	url = {https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl\%3A18489},
	author = {Cornwell, T. J. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Jones, K. K.}
}
@proceedings {12366,
	title = {Variability of Pacific Northwest marine ecosystems and relation to salmon production},
	volume = {no.11},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Held August 13-14, 1996.},
	pages = {181-252},
	publisher = {NOAA Coastal Ocean Office},
	address = {Troutdale, Oregon},
	keywords = {chinook salmon=Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon=Oncorhynchus keta, coastal upwelling, coho salmon=Oncorhynchus kisutch, community ecology, ecological succession, ecosystem modeling, estuarine dynamics, general ecosystem description, Pacific salmonids=Oncorhynchus species, sockeye salmon=Oncorhynchus nerka, steelhead=Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout=Salmo gairdneri)},
	url = {https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1668},
	author = {Bottom, Daniel L. and Lichatowich, James A. and Frissell, Christopher A.},
	editor = {McMurray, Gregory R. and Robert J Bailey}
}
@article {12521,
	title = {Status of anadromous salmonids in Oregon coastal basins},
	year = {1992},
	note = {At the time of this publication, the Salmon River{\textquoteright}s population of wild coho salmon was considered "Depressed." The wild fall Chinook population was rated "Special Concern" because of hatchery strays. Chum salmon in the Salmon River were also of "Special Concern."  The status of the wild steelhead population on the Salmon River was felt to be "Depressed."},
	pages = {83 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon  = Oncorhynchus keta, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos River, Coquille River, cutthroat trout = Oncorhynchus clarki, depleted populations, hatchery salmonids, Kilchis River, Miami River, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, r Chetco River, r Siuslaw River, Rogue Rive, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siltcoos River, Sixes River, Smith River, statistics, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Tillamook Bay, Tillamook River, Trask River, Umpqua River, wild salmonids, Wilson River, Yachats Rive, Yaquina River},
	author = {Nickelson, Thomas E. and Nicholas, Jay W. and McGie, Alan M. and Lindsay, Robert B. and Bottom, Daniel L. and Kaiser, Rodney J. and Jacobs, Steven E.}
}
@article {12831,
	title = {Habitat classification and inventory methods for the management of Oregon estuaries},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1979},
	note = {General reference. Some estuaries have related document, "Natural Resources of ... Estuary," but no report from this series was made on the Salmon River estuary.},
	month = {1979},
	institution = {Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	keywords = {estuaries, general},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/fx719s684},
	author = {Bottom, Daniel L. and Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife.  Research and Development Sectiom, and Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission,}
}
