@mastersthesis {83234,
	title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization Response to Dike Removal in the Salmon River Estuary},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plants. These fungi give host plants many benefits, including increased salt tolerance, increased drought tolerance, and resistance to pathogens. For these reasons, they are potentially powerful tools in marsh restoration projects. In this interesting Master{\textquoteright}s thesis, the author sought {\textquotedblleft}to assess the presence and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Distichlis spicata from three formerly diked areas of the Salmon River Estuary to determine an initial understanding of the mycorrhizal community in tidal wetlands post-restoration{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). PSU Dissertations and Theses. Paper 6185},
	pages = {46 p.},
	school = {Portland State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M.S.},
	chapter = {Dept. of Geography},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {fungi, introduced species, Mitchell Marsh, nutrients, pH, Reference Marsh, salinity, Salmon Creek Marsh, Salmon River Estuary, Saltgrass = Distichlis spicata, Saltmarsh, Soil, wetland restoration, wetland vegetation, Y Marsh},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.8058 },
	url = {https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/38751 },
	author = {Webb, Elinore}
}
@article {82651,
	title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associations across multiple saltmarsh plant species mitigating the impacts of sea-level rise [poster]},
	volume = {no.21},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Fungi are omnipresent and frequently beneficial in ecosystems. Fungi are dependent on plants for their nourishment. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is one that derives carbon nutrition from the roots of an associated plant. This association is beneficial to the plant because the plant can experience increased uptake of nutrients and an increased ability to withstand saltwater inundation. In an age of rising sea levels, the ability to withstand inundation is important. This poster describes research conducted by Portland State University faculty and students on two marshes in the Salmon River estuary, a low marsh and a high marsh.  Natural resource managers need to know which plants will be able to withstand saline stress and have better chances of success with marsh restoration projects and in mitigation of rising sea levels. The researchers want to know which plant species host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and what the pattern of their distribution is across the low and high marshes.},
	month = {2019, Jul. 5},
	institution = {Portland State University},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Salmon River Estuary, climate change, fungi, Marsh jaumea = Jaumea carnosa, Lyngbye{\textquoteright}s sedge = Carex lyngbyei, Pickleweed = Salicornia virginica, salinity, salt marsh, Saltgrass = Distichlis spicata, sea levels, wetland vegetation},
	url = {https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/studentsymposium/2019/Posters/21 },
	author = {Koberstein, Rayna and de Rivera, Catherine E.}
}
@article {82641,
	title = {The art of education for salmonid ecology:  the Salmon River estuary as a learning laboratory for rural coastal students [abstract]},
	year = {2019},
	note = {This abstract describes a unique educational initiative for Lincoln City students in grades 7-12. The students experienced presentations on the history of the Salmon River estuary and its restoration, as well as learning the importance of estuaries in ecology. {\textquotedblleft}This presentation will explore the confluence of art, education and ecology with places of ecological and inspirational significance. Creating art that serves the holistic messaging needs of biological conservation education; reuniting Oregon{\textquoteright}s coastal estuaries play a critical role in the life histories of salmonids and other species. While agricultural conversion has reduced the productivity of many Oregon estuaries, the restoration of environments such as the Salmon River Estuary within the Cascade Head Biosphere Reserve, represent a vital opportunity to study and showcase the role these new anthropogenic changes have made for fish and future generations.{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)  The conference was held March 5-8, 2019 in Bend, Oregon.},
	pages = {p.73-74},
	institution = {American Fisheries Society Oregon Chapter},
	keywords = {Salmon River Estuary, art, education, dike removal, human impacts, marsh restoration, wetland restoration},
	url = {https://tinyurl.com/tx77a5k },
	author = {Klag, Graham}
}
@article {82980,
	title = {Appendix A to the Pacific Coast Salmon Fishery Management Plan As Modified by Amendment 18 to the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan:  Identification and Description of Essential Fish Habitat, Adverse Impacts, and Recommended Conservation Measures for Salmon},
	year = {2014},
	note = {An important guide to essential habitats and requirements of three species of salmon, and the challenges facing them.  Illustrated.  Maps.},
	pages = {219 p.},
	institution = {Pacific Fishery Management Council},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Wilson - Trask {\textendash} Nestucca, Siletz Yaquina River, Alsea River, Siuslaw River, Siltcoos River, N. Umpqua River, S. Umpqua River, Umpqua River, Coos River, Coquille River, Sixes River, Rogue River, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus, Pink salmon (humpback) = Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, life history information, habitats, North American beaver = Castor Canadensis, agriculture, logging, dams, dredging, irrigation, mining, water pollution, water temperature, erosion, sediments, human impac},
	url = {https://www.pcouncil.org/documents/2019/08/salmon-efh-appendix-a.pdf/ }
}
@mastersthesis {54891,
	title = {Assessment of the Vulnerability of Oregon and Washington{\textquoteright}s Natural Areas to Climate Change},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis.  The author examined natural areas in Oregon and Washington that are managed by a variety of Federal and State agencies. Were these areas representative enough of the variety of landscapes in the region that they would serve as good monitoring sites for evaluating the effects of climate change?  If so, which sites would have the best potential for detecting change over the long term? She then applied climate models to these areas and showed a growth in warmer forests and a decline in the cooler forest types.  By 2050, for example, the climate is predicted to have become changed in suitability for approximately 50\% of the vegetation currently on Cascade Head, and 100\% changed in suitability for vegetation at Cougar Creek, Lost Creek and Martin Creek Natural Areas on the Umpqua River.  (p.69)  The major professor was Anita Morzillo.},
	pages = {132 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M.S.},
	chapter = {College of Forestry.  Forest Ecosystems and Society},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Brads Creek, Cascade Head, climate change, Cougar Creek, Lost Creek, Martin Creek, terrestrial vegetation, Umpqua River, wetland vegetation},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/mw22v9266},
	author = {Massie, Margaret H.}
}
@article {52416,
	title = {Adapting to climate change on the Oregon coast:  lines in the sand and rolling easements},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2013},
	note = {In this important article, the authors argue that Oregon should be working to strengthen its laws now in order to have the flexibility and legal framework to enable it to adapt to a changing climate and sea level rise.  {\textquotedblleft}Processes are needed to decide what infrastructure will be replaced and what will not before these inevitable events occur. . . .  Planning can ensure that shoreline armoring does not eliminate public access along the shore or total loss of sand on Oregon{\textquoteright}s beaches. Planning tools can make clear that the public access boundary does migrate inland, even if the shoreline migrates onto an inland parcel across which the public does not currently have access.{\textquotedblright} (p.514)},
	pages = {p.447-514},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Alsea Spit, beaches, Cape Lookout State Park, climate change, coastal hazards, environmental law and policy, environmental policy and law, erosion, flooding, Netarts Bay, New River, physical modifications, riprap, sand spits, shorelines, The Capes, Tillamook Bay, tsunamis, wave heights},
	url = {https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/17378},
	author = {Johnson, Courtney B. and Schell, Steven R.}
}
@article {51391,
	title = {Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific},
	volume = {EPA/600/R/12/631},
	year = {2012},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}The Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific {\textellipsis} provides maps of native and invaded ecoregions for all the reported marine/estuarine nonindigenous species (NIS) in the North Pacific, exclusive of marsh plants. Additionally, environmental and habitat information for each species is summarized in two-page species profiles, along with an analyses of the extent of invasion at the ecoregion and regional scales across the six North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) member countries (United States, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China). The information in the NIS Atlas is from the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System.{\textquotedblright} (from publisher{\textquoteright}s website) {\textquotedblleft}With Contributions by Katie Marko, Emily Saarinen, Tad Larsen, Caroline Emch-Wei, Meredith Payne, and PICES WG21 members{\textquotedblright} (from title page)},
	pages = {1,943 p.},
	institution = {National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Office of Research and Development,},
	keywords = {algae, annelids, arthropods, bryozoans, ciliates, cnidarian, crustaceans, ctenophores, diatoms, dinoflagellates, echinoderms, fishes, flatworms, foraminifera, fungi, habitats, introduced species, life history information, molluscs, nematodes, Oregon, Pacific Northwest, polychaete worms, sponges, terrestrial vegetation, tunicates},
	url = {https://tinyurl.com/ywb357p2},
	author = {Lee II, Henry and Reusser, Deborah A.}
}
@article {11886,
	title = {The application of intertidal foraminifera to reconstruct coastal subsidence during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700 in Oregon, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {221},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2010},
	note = {"Changes in species assemblages of intertidal foraminifera can be used to estimate the amount of earthquake-related subsidence during plate-boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone." (from the Abstract)},
	pages = {116-140},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, coastal hazards, Coos Bay, Coquille River, earthquakes, Nehalem River, Salmon River, Siuslaw River, tsunamis},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.019},
	author = {Hawkes, A.D. and Horton, B.P. and Nelson, A.R. and Hill, D.F.}
}
@inbook {11961,
	title = {Analysis of shellfish remains from 35LNC33:  a site in the Salmon river Estuary, Lincoln County, Oregon},
	booktitle = {Dunes, Headlands, Estuaries, and Rivers:  Current Archaeological Research on the Oregon Coast},
	series = {Association of Oregon Archaeologists Occasional Paper},
	volume = {no.8},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Prehistoric Salmon River inhabitants mostly consumed mussels and barnacles, and some chiton. Clam remains were negligible. Speculates that tsunami cycles could explain the absence of clams. },
	pages = {p.65-72},
	publisher = {Association of Oregon Archaeologists},
	organization = {Association of Oregon Archaeologists},
	address = {Eugene, Or.},
	keywords = {archeology, California mussel = Mytilus californianus, prehistory},
	author = {Becker, Thomas E.},
	editor = {Tasa, Guy L. and O{\textquoteright}Neill, Brian L.}
}
@mastersthesis {55376,
	title = {The Application of Geographic Information Systems for Delineation and Classification of Tidal Wetlands for Resource Management of Oregon{\textquoteright}s Coastal Watersheds},
	year = {2004},
	note = {This report is the product of a Capstone Project and is submitted in place of a thesis.  "Research paper submitted to Marine Resource Management Program, College of Oceanic \& Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." Not just a technical report, this is a reader-friendly look at GIS in conservation. Good summary of historical regulation.  Gives acreages potentially available as wetlands for streams covered. Major professor was Robert Frenkel.},
	pages = {105 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Capstone Report},
	edition = {M.S.},
	chapter = {College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Marine Resource Management Program},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Coos Bay, Coquille River, Depoe Bay, geographic information systems, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Salmon River Estuary, salt marsh vegetation, Sand Lake, Siletz Bay, Siltcoos River, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, Ten Mile Creek, tidal data, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River, wetland vegetation, wetlands, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_projects/5999n7779},
	author = {Scranton, Russell W.}
}
@article {12211,
	title = {Aquatic Inventories Project: Salmon River Estuary},
	year = {2002},
	month = {8/20/07},
	publisher = {Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife},
	keywords = {ecosystem health, ecosystem modeling, habitats, Salmon River, species list, wetland mitigation, wetland restoration},
	url = {https://odfw-static.forestry.oregonstate.edu/freshwater/inventory/salmnrvr.htm},
	author = {Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife,}
}
@proceedings {12296,
	title = {The arrival of the European green crab,<i> Carcinus maenas</i>, in Oregon estuaries},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Green crabs were found in the Salmon River estuary in the period from Sept.1997 to April 1998. El Nino events affect dispersal of this species:  more larvae are transported north from California in El Nino years.},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {94-99},
	publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA},
	address = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Coos Bay, Coquille River, El Nino, European green crab = Carcinus maenas, introduced species, Netarts Bay, population biology, Salmon River Estuary, Siletz Bay, Tillamook Bay, Yaquina Bay},
	isbn = {1561720259},
	author = {Yamada, Sylvia B. and Hunt, Chris and Richmond, N.},
	editor = {Pederson, J}
}
@article {12326,
	title = {Autumn chemistry of Oregon Coast Range streams},
	journal = {Journal of the American Water Resources Association},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Studied chemistry of 48 streams in forested watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range during an autumn runoff event. Sea salt significant near the ocean, not inland. Nitrates were most variable. Acid neutralizing capacities and pH favorable to salmonids.},
	pages = {p.1035-1049},
	keywords = {chemistry, Little Salmon River, Neskowin Creek, nitrates, salinity, Salmon River},
	author = {Wigington, P. J., Jr. and Church, M. R. and Strickland, T. C. and Eshleman, K. N. and Van Sickle, J.}
}
@article {12496,
	title = {Accretion rates of low intertidal salt marshes in the Pacific Northwest},
	journal = {Wetlands},
	volume = {12},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Investigated accretion of salt marshes -- the vertical rise in marsh land due to the accumulation of inorganic sediments and organic matter in light of possible sea level rise due to climate change. While PNW salt marshes are keeping up with the current sea level rise, and increase in the rate of rise without an increase in sediment supply, could threaten the existence of salt marshes in the region. },
	month = {1992, Dec.},
	pages = {p.147-156},
	keywords = {climate, climate change, Coos Bay, marshes, Salmon River Estuary, sea level, sediments},
	author = {Thom, Ronald M.}
}
@article {12556,
	title = {Abundance and distribution of harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) in Oregon, 1975-1983},
	journal = {Northwestern naturalist : a journal of vertebrate biology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {3},
	year = {1990},
	note = {"The objectives of this study were to determine the location and use of haulout sites and to document any changes in abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Oregon from 1975 to 1983.},
	month = {1990, Winter},
	pages = {p.65-71},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Cape Arago, Cascade Head, Coos Bay, Coquille Point, Harbor seal = Phoca vitulina, Netarts Bay, population count, Siletz Bay, Siltcoos Creekt, Siuslaw River, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River, Yaquina Bay},
	author = {Harvey, James T. and Brown, Robin F. and Mate, Bruce R.}
}
@article {12911,
	title = {Angler{\textquoteright}s guide to the United States Pacific coast: marine fish, fishing grounds \& facilities},
	year = {1977},
	note = {Thorough information and charts regarding recreational fisheries given for entire coast. Salmon River is noted for salmon, bottomfish, and sea-run cutthroat trout, with steelhead upstream.},
	month = {November_1977},
	institution = {U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service},
	address = {Seattle, WA},
	keywords = {abundance, general, geographical distribution, recreational fisheries - grounfish, salmon, Salmon River, shellfish},
	author = {James L Jr. Squire and Smith, Susan E. and National Marine Fisheries Service}
}
@article {13201,
	title = {An appraisal of potentials for outdoor recreational developments in Lincoln County, Oregon},
	year = {1970},
	note = {"November, 1970."  Good overview, very good appendices. Inventory of natural, scenic and historic areas, lists streams, lakes, impoundments, potential impoundment sites, existing recreational areas, including a list of boat launches. B\&w photographs.},
	keywords = {Alder Brook, Bear Creek, Camp Westwind, Deer Creek, Nature Conservancy Area, Panther Creek, recreational fishing, recreational uses, Salmon Creek, Salmon River Estuary, Slick Rock Creek, Sulphur Creek, Treat Creek, Van Duzer Corridor},
	author = {U.S. Soil Conservation Service. Oregon,}
}
@book {23576,
	title = {Atlas of eastern Pacific marine game fishing},
	series = {Circular / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service },
	volume = {no.174},
	year = {1964},
	note = {Fold-out charts},
	month = {1964},
	publisher = {United States Department of the Interior},
	organization = {United States Department of the Interior},
	address = {Washington D.C.},
	keywords = {Alsea River estuary, biological, Chetco River estuary, Columbia River estuary, Coos River estuary, Coquille River estuary, Elk River estuary, geographical distribution, map, Nehalem River estuary, Nestucca River estuary, Netarts estuary, recreational fisheries, Rogue River estuary, Salmon  River estuary, Siletz River estuary, Siuslaw River estuary, Sixes River estuary, species list, temporal distribution, Tillamook estuary, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay},
	author = {Squire, James L. and United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and United States. Fish and Wildlife Service,}
}
